The Texas Indians

THE TEXAS INDIANS The Plains Region COMANCHE

LOCATION Plains of Texas Panhandle into central Texas LIFE-STYLE

Nomadic Warriors Most feared Many enemies

SHELTER Teepees MAIN FOODS buffalo

APPEARENCE Fancy tattoos Bright colors Braided hair

Men wore buffalo headdresses ROLES: MEN AND WOMEN War

chief best rider and fighter Peace chief older male who was recognized in battle

UNUSUAL CUSTOMS Expert horse riders Scalped enemies

To keep enemies soul from the after life Scalping

KIOWAS LOCATION Far east side of the Panhandle

LIFE-STYLE Nomadic Allies to Comanche

SHELTER Teepees MAIN FOODS Hunted

Buffalo, elk, antelope, deer, bear APPEARENCE Decorated

with feathers UNUSUAL CUSTOMS SUNDANCE

mid June To prevent sickness and disaster LIPAN

APACHES LOCATION Southwest Plains LIFE-STYLE

Nomadic Warriors Expert with Bow and

Arrow SHELTER Teepees MAIN FOODS

Buffalo Gardening Corn, beans, squash APPEARENCE

Decorated with feathers Pierced left ear (6-8 times) Hair Left short

Right Long ROLES: MEN AND WOMEN Women

liked to garden Great respect for women

UNUSUAL CUSTOMS Expert horse riders Feared death

Buried their dead quickly Buried with possessions MESCALERO

APACHES LOCATION Far west Texas Mountains

LIFE-STYLE Nomadic Irrigation farming like the Pueblo Indians.

SHELTER Teepees MAIN FOODS Depended

less on Buffalo TONKAWAS LOCATION

North central plains LIFE-STYLE Nomadic Enemy

of the Comanche MAIN FOODS

Buffalo Gardening Fish, deer, birds, rabbits, turtle, snakes, nuts, and fruits

APPEARENCE Some men tattooed

entire body THE TEXAS INDIANS Southeastern Region

CADDOES LOCATION Northeast Texas

LIFE-STYLE Richest and most advanced Friendly

Willing and smart traders farmers SHELTER Sturdy

homes (domes) MAIN FOODS Corn

Beans Squash Sunflower seeds

ROLES: MEN AND WOMEN Men helped women grow crops Women had a voice in

Government Women treated with dignity and respect UNUSUAL CUSTOMS Crop

rotation Trotline Beautiful pottery Texas comes from the Caddoe word for friend

ATAKAPANS LOCATION Galveston Island to the Sabine River

LIFE-STYLE Farmers MAIN FOODS Corn

Farming Not as advanced as the Caddoes Wild

game, nuts, berries, fish, and alligators UNUSUAL CUSTOMS Used

alligator fat to keep off mosquitoes WICHITAS LOCATION

Along Red River LIFE-STYLE Lived along creeks and

Rivers Enemy of the Comanche

SHELTER Domes MAIN FOODS Corn,

squash, beans Hunted Buffalo Did not eat fish APPEARENCE Tattooed

bodies UNUSUAL CUSTOMS Raccoon

eye tattoos on face THE TEXAS INDIANS

The Western Gulf KARANKAWA LOCATION Galveston to Corpus

Christi LIFE-STYLE Expert with bow and arrow

hunting animals and fishing Nomadic SHELTER Wooden

Hut and Teepees MAIN FOODS Oyster,

Clams, Scallops, and Turtle APPEARENCE Beautiful

women Tall/muscular men Pierced chest and lips Brightly painted bodies No clothes

ROLES: MEN AND WOMEN Women homes took down and set up

UNUSUAL CUSTOMS Used dugout trees for canoes

Gave children special treatment Rubbed on alligator fat to keep off mosquitoes Cannibals!

COAHUILTECAN LOCATION South Texas MAIN FOODS

Gathered food from land Cacti, nuts, spiders, snakes, lizards, and grub worms

APPEARENCE Strong: known for endurance

UNUSUAL CUSTOMS Mitotes All night celebrations

THE TEXAS INDIANS Pueblo JUMANO

LOCATION West Texas Along Rio Grande LIFE-STYLE Able

to survive in very dry climate. SHELTER Adobe

Homes good insulation in winter and summer MAIN FOODS

Farmed Corn, squash, beans Small game

UNUSUAL CUSTOMS Irrigation ditches Allies of the Apache

Tiguas LOCATION West Texas & Big Bend Area

MAIN FOODS Farmers Corn is main crop

Men hunt small animals in area. UNUSUAL CUSTOMS Famous

for their beautiful pottery 1st Spanish Mission was built for the Tiguas Still in Texas

ME SC AL ER LIOP

AN AP AC HE S

Tiguas LOCATION OF TEXAS INDIAN TRIBES