The organelles of plant and animal cells Generalized plant cell Generalized animal cell
cell wall Provides structural support to the cell cell membrane
Semi-permeable Acts as a gatekeeper, controlling what can enter or leave the cell
cytoplasm The fluid matrix that holds all the organelles in place Composed of 80% water Location of many chemical reactions
Consists of the everything contained inside the cell membrane nucleus The nucleus controls the activities of the cell through the code stored in the DNA
The chromatin (which become visible as chromosomes during cell division) contains the DNA (genetic material) The nuclear membrane protects the DNA and allows transport of material in and out of the nucleus.
endoplasmic reticulum The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is connected and continuous with the nuclear membrane and the cell membrane It forms a transportation network throughout
the cell ribosomes Produced by the nucleolus (in the nucleus) Create proteins which are the building blocks of many structures
Found in the cytoplasm and on some kinds of endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus A series of folded membranes that packages and transports products Small membrane bound structures called
vesicles are pinched off and carry the materials out of the cell vesicles Membrane covered sacs produced by Golgi apparatus that store and transport
materials Can fuse with the cell membrane to transport materials out of the cell vacuole Vacuoles store:
food water wastes The central vacuole of a mature plant cell is often quite large Animal cells often have several small
vacuoles mitochondrion Create energy from food (glucose) chloroplast
The sites of photosynthesis (production of glucose from sunlight, water and CO2)
Surface Area to Volume Ratio There is a reason why plant and animal cells must remain small Calculate the volume to surface areas of three cells that are 1mm3, 2 mm3, and 3mm3
Copy and Complete Cell size 1x1x1 Surface area Volume
SA:Vol ratio 2x2x2 3x3x3 Copy and Complete
Cell size Surface area Volume SA:Vol ratio
1x1x1 2x2x2 3x3x3
1x1x6= 6mm2 2x2x6= 24 mm2
3x3x6= 54 mm2 Copy and Complete Cell size
Surface area Volume SA:Vol ratio 1x1x1
2x2x2 3x3x3 1x1x6= 6mm2
1x1x1= 3 1 mm 2x2x6= 24 mm2
2x2x2= 3 8 mm 3x3x6= 54 mm2 3x3x3=
3 27 mm Copy and Complete Cell size
Surface area Volume SA:Vol ratio 1x1x1
2x2x2 3x3x3 1x1x6= 2
6mm 1x1x1= 1 mm3 6:1 6
2x2x6= 2 24 mm 2x2x2= 8 mm3 24:8
3 3x3x6= 2 54 mm 3x3x3=
27 mm3 54:27 2 Surface Area to Volume Ratio There is a reason why plant and animal
cells must remain small Calculate the volume to surface areas of three cells that are 1mm3, 2 mm3, and 3mm3 The cells with the largest ratios are the most efficient. Surface Area to Volume Ratio
There is a reason why plant and animal cells must remain small Calculate the volume to surface areas of three cells that are 1mm3, 2 mm3, and 3mm3 The cells with the largest ratios are the most efficient.
Predict the SA:Vol ratio for a cell that is .5mm3 The end
