CANINE ANATOMY Group members Loh Mae Chel (mae chel) Lee Ching Wai (Jazz) Nur Ainsyah Natasya (tasya) Desalini (desa) Muhammad Fikree (piki) HEAD Lee Ching Wai D10A015 Loh Mae Chel D10A016 Cutaneous muscles and major fasciae Superficial muscles Deep muscles Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Function
Transverse fibers in the superficial fascia of the ventral neck Cervical branch ( R. colli) of the facial n. Tenses and moves the ventral and lateral skin M. cervicoauricularis superficialis M. cervicoscutularis Dorsal median Dorsal(convex) raphe of the neck surface of the auricular cartilage Dorsal median Caudomedial part raphe of the neck of scutiform cartilage Caudal auricular n., branch of the facial n.
Caudal auricular n., branch of facial n. Long elevator muscle of the ear M. cervicoscutularis profundus and medius External sagittal crest Caudal auricular n., branch of facial n. Muscles of facial expression M. Sphincter colli superficialis Auricular muscles Lateral border of the auricular cartilage Elevates the ear
and tenses the scutiform cartilage Turns opening ( conchal fissure) of the auricular cartilage caudomedially Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation M. occipitalis External sagittal crest Superficial fascia of Rostral auricular the head branches of the auriculopalpebral n. M. interscutularis
Transverse fibers passing between the two scutiform cartilages Function Draws scutiform cartilage caudomedially Rostral auricular branches of the auriculopalpebral n. Draws scutiform cartilages medially M. frontoscutularis Rostral continuation of m. interscutularis Rostral auricular branches of the auriculopalpebral n. Draws the scutiform cartilages rostromedially M.
scutuloauricularis superficialis Rostral auricular branches of the auriculopalpebral n. Turns the auricular cartilage so that its opening (conchal fissure) faces rostralmedially, erects the ear Scutiform cartilage Rostral border of the auricular cartilage Muscle Origin Insertion M. paratidoauricularis
Parotid fascia and superficial fascia of cranial neck Ventrolateral at Cervical branch the base of the ( R. colli) of the auricular cartilage facial n. M. Caudal margin of mandibuloauricularis the ramus of the mandible ventral to the condyle Innervation Ventral at the Caudal auricular base of the n., branch of the auricular cartilage facial n. Function Draws the ear down, lays the ear back
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Function Closed, sphincter-like muscle at the border of the rima oris; there is no skeletal attachment Crossing fibers that pass in the cheek region between the maxilla and the body of the mandible; extends from the angle of the mouth to the level of the rostral border of the masseter m.; interwoven rostrally with orbicularis oris fibers Dorsal and ventral buccal branches of the facial n. Dorsal and ventral buccal branches of the facial n.
Closes the rima oris ( opening of the mouth) Forms the lateral boundary of the oral cavity; compresses the vestibule of the oral cavity, pressing the food into the oral cavity proper; compresses the buccal glands Scutiform cartilage Dorsal and ventral buccal branches of the facial n. Draws the angle of the mouth caudally; draws the scutiform cartilage rostroventrally Muscles of the lips and cheeks M. orbicularis oris M. buccinator
M. zygomaticus Radiates into the orbicularis oris at the angle of the mouth Muscles M. caninus M. levator labii superoris Origin Maxilla, ventral to the infraorbital foramen Maxilla, rostral to the infraorbital foramen Insertion Upper lip Wing of the nostril; upper lip Innervation Dorsal and ventral buccal branches of the facial n.
Dorsal and ventral buccal branches of the facial n. Function Draws the upper lip caudodorsally Elevates the upper lip and the nasal plane and draws them caudally, widens the opening of the nostril Muscles of the eyelids and nose M. orbicularis A muscular ring passing within the Auriculopalpebral Narrowing and oculi eyelids. It arises dorsally and ventrally n., branch of the closure of the from the medial palpebral ligament facial n. palpebral fissure and encircles the palpebral fissure ( the opening between the eyelids
Muscles M. retractor anguli oculi Origin Deep temporal fascia M. levator anguli oculi Fascia upon the frontal bone ( frontal fascia) M. levator nasolabialis Maxilla in the region of the medial angle of the eye; frontal fascia Deep fascia of the Lower eyelid face M. malaris Insertion
Lateral angle of the eye Innervation Auriculopalpebral n., branch of the facial n. Auriculopalpebral n., branch of the facial n. Function Draws the lateral angle of the eye caudally Medially into the Elevates the upper eyelid medial part of the upper eyelid; erects the tactile hairs Lateral nostril and Auriculopalpebral Widens the upper lip n., branch of the opening of the facial n. nostril and raises the upper lip Auriculopalpebral Draws the lower
n., branch of the eyelid ventrally facial n. Muscles Origin Mandibular muscles Superficial muscles of the throat M. digastricus Paracondylar process ( the jugular process forms its base) M. mylohyoideus Mylohyoid line on the medial surface of the body of the mandible Insertion Innervation Function
Ventral margin of the mandible Ramus digastricus, branch of the facial n. ( caudal belly); mylohyoid n., branch of the mandibular n. (rostral belly) Lowers the mandible, opening the mouth Median raphe N. mylohyoideus, joining the branch of the muscles of the mandubular n. two sides ventral to the geniohyoideus m. Elevates the tongue, presses it
against the palate Muscles Origin External muscles of mastication M. temporalis Temporal fossa Insertion Innervation Function Coronoid process of the mandible Raises the mandible M. masseter Masseteric fossa of the mandible Masticatory n., branch of the mandibular n. Masticatory n.,
branch of the mandibular n. Zygomatic arch Internal muscles of mastication M. pterygoideus Pterygopalatine M. pterygoideus fossa(medial medialis pterygoid); wing M. pterygoideus og the lateralis basisphenoid (lateral pterygoid) Pterygoid fossa of Pterygoid nn., the branches of the mandible(medial mandibular n. pterygoid), pterygoid fovea of the mandible ( lateral pterygoid) Raises the mandible Synergist of the masseter m.,
raising the mandible;with unilateral contraction, draws the mandible toward the side of the muscle acting Canine anatomy Thoracic limb NUR AINSYAH NATASYA BINTI ABDUL AZIZ D10A027 (ye..saya la yang paling cute) Flexor=ms on the side of the limb towards which the joint bends biceps brachii m. flexes the elbow. Extensor=the ms on the opposite side. triceps brachii m.=extensor of the elbow Adductors-ms that tend to pull a limb toward the median plane Abductors=ms that tend to move the limb away from the median plane
Agonists(prime movers)are ms directly responsible for producing the desired action. The Antagonists are ms that oppose the desired actions. Synergists are ms that oppose any undesired action of the agonists Eg. in extension of the elbow, a movt. produced by the triceps brachii biceps(agonist for extension), brachii and brachialis are antagonists coz they produce the opposite action, flexion of the elbow. Muscle Function Deltoideus m. Origin Insertion Innervation Flexes shoulder spine of scapula Caudal boarder of scapula
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Axillary n. Teres minor m. Flexes shoulder Distal half of caudal boarder of scapula Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Axillary n. Teres major m. Flexes shoulder Caudal boarder of scapula and subscapularis Teres tuberosity of humerus Axillary n.
Subscapularis m. Extends shoulder Lesser tuberosity of humerus Axillary n. Subscapular n. Subscapular fossa of scapula Muscle Function Coracobrachialis m. Extends shoulder Biceps brachii m. Brachialis m. Extend shoulder Flexes elbow Stabilize carpus
Flexes elbow Origin Coracoid process of scapula Supraglenoid tubercle Proximocaudal surface of humerus Insertion Proximomedial surface of humerus Radial tuberosity Tendon of extensor carpi radialis m. Proximomedial surface of radius Innervation Musculocutane ous n.
Musculocutane ous n. Musculocutane ous n. Supraspinat Extends Supraspi us m. shoulder natous fossa Stabilize shoulder Scapular cartilage and spine Infraspinat Extends Infraspin us m. and flexes atous shoulder fossa Scapular cartilage and spine Greater and Suprascapu
lesser lar n. tubercles of humerus Greater tubercle of humerus Suprascapu lar n. Muscle Function Triceps brachii m. Long head Extends elbow and flexes shoulder Lateral head Extends elbow Medial head Anconeus m. Extend elbow Raise joint capsule (prevent
capsule compression during elbow extension Origin Insertion Caudal boarder Olecranon of scapula tuber Deltoid tuberosity Middle surface of middle 1/3 of humerus Boarder of olecranon fossa Lateral olecranon Innervation Radial n. Radial n.
Muscle Tensor fascia antebrachii m. common digital extensor m. Lateral digital extensor m. Function Extends elbow Tenses forearm Extend carpus Extends digit III Origin Insertion Caudal boarder Deep fascia of of scapula forearm and olecranon Innervation Radial n.
Proximodor Radial n. sal on proximal phalanx Extensor processes of middle and distal phalanges Extends Proximal Proximodorsal Radial n. metacarpophal radius and ulna on proximal anges joint phalanx (fetlock) Lateral epicondyle of humerus Muscle Function Origin Insertion
innervation extensor carpi radialis m. extends the carpal, pastern And coffin joint. lateral Proximodorsal deep branch of supracondylar metacarpal III the radial n. of the humerus bone (metacarpal of the index finger). accessory carpal bone Ulnaris lateralis m. flexes carpus Lateral epicondyle of humerus Accessory
carpal bone Metacarpal IV (lateral Radial n. splint bone) Extensor carpi obliquus m. (abductor pollicis longus m.) Extends carpus Middle of radius craniolaterally Proximal metacarpal II Radial n. Muscle flexor carpi radialis m Function
Flexes carpus Origin Medial Epicondyle of Humerus Medial Epicondyle of Humerus Medial Olecranon flexor carpi ulnaris m. (ulnar & humeral heads) Flexes carpus superficial digital flexor m. Extends elbow Medial Flexes carpus Epicondyle of Flexes digit Humerus
Insertion Proximal Sesamoid Bones Accessory Carpal Bone Innervation Median n. Ulnar n. Ulnar n. Distal Collateral Tubercles of Proximal Phalanx Proximal Collateral Tubercles of Middle Phalanx Muscle Function Origin deep digital flexor m. Humeral head Extends elbow Medial
Epicondyle of Humerus Ulnal head Radial head Interosseous Flexes carpus Medial Olecranon Flexes digit Middle of Radius, Caudal Surface Resist Proximocau overextension dal on of metacarpal metacarpophal III angeal joint Palmer carpal ligament Insertion
Innervation Flexor Surface of Distal Phalanx Median n. & Ulnar n. Ulnar n. Median n. Proximal Deep branch of Sesamoid bone ulnar n. extensor carpi radialis m. (1) common digital extensor m. (2) lateral digital extensor m. (3). ulnaris lateralis m. (4) Two minor muscles are the brachioradialis m. (5) abductor pollicis longus m. (6). Fascia has been removed except for the extensor retinaculum (7) that binds digital extensor tendons at the carpus. (Scissors elevate branches of the common digital extensor tendon.)
common digital extensor m. (1) lateral digital extensor m. (2) (tendon are elevated by forceps) extensor carpi radialis m. (3) ulnaris lateralis m. (4) Craniolateral antebrachial muscles originate form the vicinity of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (asterisk). anconeus m. (5), caudal to the epicondyle. medial epicondyle of the humerus (asterisk). deep fascia has been removed from the antebrachium except for flexor retinaculum (1), which binds digital flexor tendons in the carpus. superficial digital flexor m. (2) and its tendon branches are elevated by instruments. flexor carpi ulnaris m. (arrows).
superficial digital flexor m. (1)have been reflected. flexor carpi ulnaris m. (2) has humeral and ulnar heads. Latter elevated by the forceps. flexor carpi radialis m. (3) is medially on the limb. deep digital flexor m. (4) its tendons are visible distal to the flexor retinaculum (5). deep digital flexor m (1) its humeral head is being pulled by forceps. small radial head (2) attaches to the radius. The ulnar head (3) originates from the ulna. deep layer of flexor retinaculum (asterisk) has been cut to release the tendon (arrow) of the deep digital flexor m. superficial digital flexor m. (4); flexor carpi ulnaris m. (5); flexor carpi radialis m. (6); and pronator teres m. (7). HIND LIMB SUPERFICIAL MUSCLE MUSCLE Middle Gluteal
Superficial Gluteal Tensor Fascia Latae ORIGIN Gluteal fascia and wing of the ileum Gluteal fascia,lateral part ofsacrum Tuber coxae INSERTION Trochanter major INNERVATION Cranial gluteal nerve Gluteal tuberosity Caudal gluteal nerve Patella and
tibia tuberosity by way of the fascia lata and patella ligament Cranial gluteal nerve FUNCTION draws the limb caudally and outward draws the limb caudally draw the limb forward toward cranial MUSCLE Sartorial ORIGIN Tuber coxae,iliac crest INSERTION
Crural fascia,cranial margin of tibia Semimembran Tuber eous ischiadicum Medial condyle of the femur and tibia Femoral biceps Tuber ischiadium, sacrotuberous ligament Patella and tibia tuberosity, cranial margin of the tibia INNERVATION Femoral nerve FUNCTION draw the limb
forward and adduct the limb Muscular Draw the limb branch of the medially and ischidia nerve caudally and tend to rotate the crus Muscular Attachment to branch of the the cranial ischiadic nerve margin of the tibia flexes DEEP MUSCLE MUSCLE Middle Gluteal Superficial Gluteal Tensor Fascia Latae ORIGIN Gluteal fascia and wing of the ileum
Gluteal fascia,lateral part ofsacrum Tuber coxae INSERTION Trochanter major INNERVATION Cranial gluteal nerve Gluteal tuberosity Caudal gluteal nerve Patella and tibia tuberosity by way of the fascia lata and patella ligament Cranial gluteal nerve
FUNCTION draws the limb caudally and outward draws the limb caudally draw the limb forward toward cranial MUSCLE Coccygeal ORIGIN Ischiadic spine INSERTION Transverse process of first four caudal vertebrae INNERVATION Ventral branch of the third sacral
spinal nerve Femoral quariceps Craniolateral and craniomedial at the femur Femoral nerve Femoral quadrate Ventromedial surface of the ischium near tuber Tibial tuberosity by mean of the patella ligament Caudal surface of femur distal
to the trochanteric fossa Ischiadic nerve FUNCTION Draw the tail to the side of muscle acting with both muscle contracting Main extensor of the stiffle joint,fixation of the limb Rotates the limb,turning its cranial face laterally MUSCLE ORIGIN Semitendenou Tuber s ischiadicum
INSERTION INNERVATION Medial surface Muscular of the tibia branch of the ischidia nerve FUNCTION Draw the limbs medially and caudally and tend to rotate the crust turning its cranial face medially Semimembran Tuber ous ischiadicum Medial condyle of the femur and tibia Muscular branch of the ischidia nerve Draw the limb
medially and caudally and tend to rotate the crus turning its cranial face medially Gastrocnemius Distal femur,medial and lateral supracondyles tuberosity Tuber calcanei Tibial nerve Extensor of tarsal joint,flexor of stiffle joint MUSCLE Deep digital flexor Long fibular Long digital flexor ORIGIN Lateral
condyle of femur INSERTION INNERVATION FUNCTION Caudal aspect Flexes the of proximal stifle and tibia rotate then leg medially MUSCLE ORIGIN sartorial Tuber coxae,iliac crest Cranial tibial adductor Ventral pubic
tubercle INSERTIO N Crural fascia,crani al margin of tibia INNERVATI FUNCTION ON Femoral draw the nerve limb forward and adduct the limb Proximally on the facies aspera Obturator nerve Adductor
The largest of the hamstring (caudal thigh) muscles is the biceps femoris m. (1) which originates from the ischium and inserts broadly on fascia lata (2) and crural fascia (3). The muscle has been transected in two locations to facilitate reflecting it. The semitendinosus m. (4) is partially exposed. Other visible (non-hamstring) muscles include: sartorius m. (5), tensor fasciae latae m. (6), middle gluteal m. (7), superficial gluteal m. (8), levator ani m. (9), and external anal sphincter m.(10). Cutaneous muscle and major fasciae of the canine Muscle origin M. Platysma M. Cutaneus omobrachialis insertion innervation function Arise from the dorsal median raphe of the neck, passing rostroventrally
onto the face where as the M.cutaneous faciei, it radiates into the M.orbicularis oris of the upper & lower lips R. Platysmatis of the caudal auricular n., cervical branch (R.colli) of the facial n. Tenses & moves the skin in the nuchal & masseteric regions, retracts the angle of the mouth, tenses the skin in the labial region From the supf. Shoulder fascia opposite the scapula Intercostobrachial n.
Tightens & moves the skin over the shoulder Over the elbow joint Muscle origin insertion innervation function M. Cutaneus trunci From the superficial trunk fascia roughly along a line from the withers to the fold of the flank Opposite the Lateral throcic & Tightens & dorsal two
intercostobrachia moves the skin of thirds of the l nn. the trunk scapula: blend with the supf. Shoulder fascia ; Opposite the ventral third of the scapula, end with deep pectoral muscle on medial surface of humerus Superficial muscle of the canine muscle origin insertion innervation function
Sternohyoideus Manubrium of sternum & 1st costal cartilage Lingual process of basihyoid bone (basihyoiduem) Ventral branch of 1st cervical n. Retract basihyoid & tounge caudally sternocephalic Manubrium sterni Caudal border of mandible Ventral br. of accessory n (XI)
Opens mouth; flexes or inclines head and neck to the side of the muscledorsal median raphe M. Cleidocervicalis Dorsal median Clavicular raphe of the neck intersection cranial to trapezius Dorsal branch of accessory n. (XI) Draw the thoracic limb forward. M.Omo transversarius Acromion of scapula Ventral branch of
fourth cervical n. Draws thoracic limb forward, bends neck to one side. Wing of atlas muscle origin insertion innervation Functions M. cleidobrachialis Clavicular intersection (clavicular part), spine of scapula by aponeurosis (scapula part), acromion (acromial part)
Humeral crest (clavicular part), deltoid tuberosity (scapular & acromial parts) Axillary n. (scapular & acromial parts), accessory axillary n. (clavicular part), this neve may also be called the n. brachiocephalicus Scapula & acromial parts, flexor of the shoulder joint, clavicular part, as a part of the brachiocephalicus m., draws the limb forward M. Trapezius Dorsal median raphe od the neck from the 3rd cervical vertebra to the spinous
processes of thoracic vertebrae 1-9 Cervical part : dorsal two third of the scapular spine Thoracic part: dorsal third of the scapular spine Dorsal branch of accessory n. Acting together, draw the scapula dorsally. Cervical part: draw the scapula craniodorsally . Thoracic part: draw the scapula caudodorsally. Major teres Caudal margin of the scapula
Teres major tuberosity Axillary n. Flexor of shoulder joint M. Latissium dorsi Thoracolumbar fascia Teres major tuberosity with the m. teres major tendon Thoracodorsal n. Draw the thoracic limb caudally; flexor of shoulder joint; with limb fixed, draws the trunk forward muscle origin
insertion innervation Functions M. Obliquus externus abdominis Ribs 4-13 (costal part), thoracolumbar fascia (lumbar part) Linea alba(abdominal tendon); inguinal ligament, from the tuber coxae to the iliopubic eminence & pecten ossis pubis (pelvic tendon) Ventral branches of intercostal, costoabdominal & lumbar nn.
Ventral abdominal muscles support the ventral abdominal wall. They function with the diaphragm in reciprocal movement of abdominal respiration: inspiration M. Obliquus internus abdominis Tuber coxae & neighboring part of the inguinal ligament (inguinal part), thoracolumbar fascia (lumbar part) Linea alba & costal arch Ventral branches of intercostal, costoabdominal &
lumbar nn M. sartorius Tuber coxae, iliac crest Crural fascia, cranial margin of fibia Femoral n. Flexor of the hip joint, external of the stifle joint (cranial part), flexor of the stifle joint (caudal part) acting together two part of muscle draw limb forward & adduct the limb muscle Deep pectoral muscle origin Sternum; distally on ribs 4-9; tunica
flava abdominis insertion Major & minor tubercles of humerus; tendon of origin of coracobrachialis innervation Cranial & caudal pectoral nn. Sacrocaudalis Between spinous & Dorsal brr. of dorsalis medialis mamillary local spinal nn. processes of the last 2-3 sacral & 1st several caudal vertebrae M. Nuchal crest Medial surface of Ventral Rhomboideus (captial part) , scapular cartilage branches of
- Cervicis dorsal median cervical nerves - thoracic raphe of the neck from second cervical to 1st thoracic vertebrae (cervical part), cranial thoracic spines (thoracic part) Functions Suspends trunk between forelimbs; retracts limb; stabilizes shoulder joint Elevates tail & bends it laterally Fixation of thoracic limb, elevates scapula & draws it forward. Deep muscle of the canine
muscle origin M. splenius Spinous Nuchal crest processes of vT1vT3 M.Iliocostalis Ilium (lumbar part), several adjacent ribs beginning several segments caudal to rib of insertion & transverse process of vC7(6) (thoracic part) -lumborum -thoracis insertion Transverse processes of
lumbar vertebrae & caudal ribs (lumbar part); caudal margin of ribs several segments cranial to ribs of origin & transverse process of vc7(6) (thoracic part) innervation function Dorsal branches of cervical & thoracic nn. Extension & lateral flexion of head & neck Fixation of lumbar vertebrae & ribs, erection & lateral flexion of vertebral column (lumbar part); draws ribs
caudally in expiration , attachment to transverse process of vC7(6) draw corresponding ribs cranially in inspiration (thoracic part) muscle M. Spinalis & semispinalis thoracic et cervicis origin Lumbar spinous & mamillary processes (thoracic spinalis & semispinalis ), cranial thoracic spinous processes (cervical spinalis) M. Serratus dorsalis cranialis
Supraspinous ligament at the level of thoracic vertebrae 1-8 Sternum & first rib Pecten ossis pubis (including its costal cartilage) M. Rectus (Straight) abdominis insertion Spinous processes of cranial thoracic vertebrae (thoracic spinalis & semispinalis ) spinous processes of cervical vertebrae up to the axis. (cervical spinalis) Cranial margin of ribs 3-10 innervation Dorsal branches of lumbar, thoracic &
cervical spinal nn. function Fixation of dorsum & neck bends the trunk & neck to the side of the muscle acting Intercostal nn. inspiratory Ventral branches of intercostal, costoabdominal & lumbar nn. muscle origin insertion innervation function M. Transversus
abdominis Asternal ribs (costal part) lumbar transverse processes & deep leaf of the thoracolumbar fascia (lumbar part) Linea alba Ventral branches of intercostal, costabdominal & lumbar nn. M. Serratus ventralis -Cervicis - thoracis Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae 2-7 (cervical part), rib 1-7 (10) Facies serrata of
scapula Ventral branches of cervical nn. (cervical part), long thoracic n. (thoracic part) Most important muscle supporting trunk, raises neck; whn thoracic limb is fixed, an auxiliary inspiratory muscle Mm. Intercostales externi From the caudal margin of the more cranial rib of the intercostal space Extends caudoventrally to the cranial margin of the more caudal rib of the space
Intercostal nn. inspiratory muscle origin insertion innervation function M. Rhomboideus - Cervicis - thoracic - capitis Nuchal crest (captial part) , dorsal median raphe of the neck from second cervical to 1st thoracic vertebrae (cervical part), cranial thoracic spines (thoracic
part) Medial surface of Ventral branches Fixation of scapular cartilage of cervical nerves thoracic limb, elevates scapula & draws it forward. Thank you
